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Problem of surface water contamination in Poland is still actual despite the fact of the
European Union Water Framework Directive and local Polish regulations functioning in this area.
Similarly to other developed countries, water is applied for many branches of economy –
for example as an essential component of production technologies but also in agriculture or food
processing. Together with the economic development, level of surface and ground water pollution
increases to such a grade, that their natural self-purification processes are limited or sometimes
even stopped. In the most of cases of developed Polish lands, rainwaters are directly delivered to
the surface waters without foregoing purification. Anyhow rainwaters, depending on the character
and the purpose of the dewatered surface, can transport big amounts of pollutants. Among them
there are the compounds of organic carbon, biogenic compounds, petroleum derivatives, heavy
metals and mineral suspension. To determine the quality of rainwaters, there is usually examined
concentration of main contamination indicators: chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD5), total organic carbon (TOC), suspension, color and turbidity. That’s why
rainwaters introduced into the natural water bodies can significantly influence their quality.
From this point of view it seems to be important to determine quality status of surface
waters – streams, rivers and constant-flow reservoirs being the receivers of storm waters.
Research presented in this work is focused on pollution level determination of selected
sector of Czechówka River, Lublin, Poland. For the analysis it was chosen the river fragment and
the artificial water reservoir located at the area of Open Air Village Museum in Lublin, North-West
Part of Lublin City. During the research Czechówka River Valley was covered with greenery with small share of the sealed surfaces. It should be mentioned here, that at present time this area
directly neighbors Express Road Warsaw – Lublin (S17). This situation may strongly influence water
conditions and quality, which substantiates further examinations of the analyzed objects.
Research extent covers determination of the selected characteristics of the analyzed
objects and surface water quality measurements: COD, BOD5, TOC. Water quality changes were
discussed in the relation to water quality classification and coefficients determining grade of
susceptibility to biodegradation of organic compounds in the samples.
There was also established water quality influence at particular points of sampling on
water quality in the places of sampling located downstream. Results of the measurements indicate
that in most of the examined circumstances, analyzed waters could be qualified as Class A fresh
surface waters and better, what in Polish qualification standards means Second Class of water
quality in relation to the analyzed contamination indicators. Also it was noticed that pollutants
contained in the samples are characterized by various susceptibility to biodegradation depending
on rain occurrence and intensity.
Correlation factors indicate strong and statistically important dependences between levels
of contamination indicators in the sampling points along the analyzed water bodies.
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