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3D printing is a quite popular technology, frequently used to create unique three-dimensional objects. It has many areas of application: architecture, marketing, art, fashion music, but also marketing and business. In marketing and business, it is mostly used for increas-ing effectiveness of market research, faster product development, decrease logistics costs, or meet changing, unique customer requirements. Recently we can observe fast development of 3D printing consumables – filaments. Today’s printers can use not only synthetic materials, wood-like materials, resin, rubber, metal, concrete or paper but also new generation of smart materials. As a result of 3D printing development there can be seen a big interest in next printing genera-tion – four-dimensional printing (4D printing). This technique can use a similar hardware as 3D printing but uses special filaments (polymers/hydrogels) so that the printed object can be transformed. Their physical parameters can be changed by adding some energy to the system, and because of that this technology is also called active object printing or shape-morphing systems printing.
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