Effect of Annealing Time and Temperature Parameters on the Microstructure, Hardness, and Strain-Hardening Coefficients of 42CrMo4 Steel
Artykuł w czasopiśmie
MNiSW
140
Lista 2021
| Status: | |
| Autorzy: | Szala Mirosław, Winiarski Grzegorz, Wójcik Łukasz, Bulzak Tomasz |
| Dyscypliny: | |
| Aby zobaczyć szczegóły należy się zalogować. | |
| Rok wydania: | 2020 |
| Wersja dokumentu: | Elektroniczna |
| Język: | angielski |
| Numer czasopisma: | 9 |
| Wolumen/Tom: | 13 |
| Numer artykułu: | 2022 |
| Strony: | 1 - 15 |
| Web of Science® Times Cited: | 28 |
| Scopus® Cytowania: | 37 |
| Bazy: | Web of Science | Scopus | DOAJ |
| Efekt badań statutowych | NIE |
| Finansowanie: | The research was financed in the framework of the project: New metal forming technique for producing flanged hollow parts for the mining industry, No. LIDER/1/0003/L-9/17/NCBR/2018. Total cost of the Project: 1 197 000 PLN. The project is financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under the 9th edition of the LIDER Programme. |
| Materiał konferencyjny: | NIE |
| Publikacja OA: | TAK |
| Licencja: | |
| Sposób udostępnienia: | Otwarte czasopismo |
| Wersja tekstu: | Ostateczna wersja opublikowana |
| Czas opublikowania: | W momencie opublikowania |
| Data opublikowania w OA: | 26 kwietnia 2020 |
| Abstrakty: | angielski |
| that is, the strength coefficient c and the strain-hardening exponent n, of 42CrMo4 steel. Seven selected annealing time–temperature schemes are examined for superior steel formability in cold metal forming conditions. The c and n coefficients are first determined in experimental upsetting of annealed samples and then used in FEM (finite element method) simulations of the upsetting process. The results demonstrate that the strain-hardening coefficients (c and n) depend on the employed annealing scheme. Compared with the as-received sample, the annealing process reduces the true stress and effectively decrease the hardness of 42CrMo4 steel; improves microstructural spheroidization; and, consequently, facilitates deformability of this material. The annealing schemes, relying on heating the material to 750 °C and its subsequent slow cooling, lead to the highest decrease in hardness ranging from 162 to 168 HV. The results obtained with the SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer), LOM (light optical microscopy), and XRD (X-ray diffraction) methods lead to the conclusion that the employed heat treatment schemes cause the initial ferritic-pearlitic microstructure to develop granular and semi-lamellar precipitation of cementite enriched with Mo and Cr in the ferrite matrix. In addition, the annealing process affects the growth of α-Fe grains. The highest cold hardening rate, and thus formability, is obtained for the annealing scheme producing the lowest hardness. The results of FEM simulations are positively validated by experimental results. The obtained results are crucial for further numerical simulations and experimental research connected with developing new cold metal forming methods for producing parts made of 42CrMo4 steel. |
