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This paper aims to present the effect of specific operational factors (temperature and humidity) on the selected mechanical properties of a conveyor belt. The tests were conducted in a climatic chamber, simulating the effect of both minus and plus temperatures −30 °C to 80 °C (243 K to 353 K) at specific humidity, and in a thermal shock chamber where a varying number of ageing cycles was applied for a specific range of thermal shocks. Six different tests in the climatic chamber and four different tests in a thermal shock chamber were conducted. The results of the climatic chamber tests demonstrate that many strength parameters have undesired values at a temperature of 10 °C (283 K) and 80 °C (353 K) at a relative humidity of 80%. Interestingly, the results revealed that tensile strength, tensile modulus and yield strength are higher at below 0 °C temperature than at above 0 °C temperature. For example, comparing the temperature −30 °C (243 K) and +30 °C (303 K) obtained a difference of tensile modulus of nearly 10%, and comparing the temperature −30 °C (243 K) and +10 °C (283 K) the differences were 22%.