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To optimize the comprehensive mechanical performance of the rolled piece in three-roll skew rolling (TRSR), a more exquisite
and uniform microstructure of the rolled piece must be obtained. In this paper, the evolution laws of the microstructure are
obtained by exploring the forming process of TRSR hollow axles. First, the optimum process parameters for the microstructure of
the rolled piece are obtained by orthogonal testing. Second, taking the hollow axle of LZ50 steel as the research object and
combined with the results of the orthogonal test, a thermal-force-microstructure coupled finite element model of the TRSR
hollow axle is established by adopting SIMUFACT software. Third, a total of nine points are selected along the axial and radial
directions of the rolled piece as observation points to research the variation laws of the average grain size at different positions
with time. Fourth, the evolution and distribution laws of the average grain size and recrystallization volume fraction during the
TRSR of hollow axles are researched. Finally, combined with the TRSR experiment, the variations in microstructure in the
experiment are consistent with the simulation results, which verifies the reliability of the model.
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