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This study has been conducted as part of the “Lublin University of Technology Universal Design” project, funded by the European Social Fund under the PO WER program. Grant Agreement No. POWR.03.05.00-00-PU32/19-00.
The research programme titled “Usability and ergonomics of interfaces study”, wasapproved by the Commission for Research Ethics, No. 9/2019 dated. 27.05.2019.
Universal design is a strategic approach for planning and designing both the products
and their environment, aimed at making a given product available to the widest number
of possible users. It ensures equality for all of them and the opportunity to participate
in the society. This concept is also crucial in the process of designing and developing
software. The research was conducted with the use of four services, three of them were
implemented for the purpose of this study. Two of them took into consideration the
principles of universal design, while the others did not. The aim of the study was
verification of the level of usability and accessibility of services by means of three
independent methods: the LUT (Lublin University of Technology) checklist, an
assessment taking into account WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines)
standards using the automatic WAVE evaluation tool (Web Accessibility Evaluation
Tool) and a device allowing to track the movement of the eye while performing various
tasks on websites. The websites were assessed by twenty experts in the field of creating
web application interfaces, using the LUT checklist. The time to the first fixation
(TTFF) that it took respondents to look at specific website elements was measured
using the eye tracker device and iMotions software. All websites were checked by means
of the WAVE tool to detect irregularities and non-compliance with universal design
standards. The analysis performed clearly indicated that websites that follow the
universal design guidelines were more useful, intuitive and accessible for users.
It might be concluded that interfaces allow to find necessary information and perform
desired actions in a shorter time when prepared in accordance with the principles of
universal design.
