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This research was supported by a subsidy from the Ministry of Education and Science
(Poland) for the Lublin University of Technology as funds allocated for activities in the scientific
disciplines of Automation, Electronics, and Electrical Engineering (grants: FD-20/EE-2/701, FD-
20/EE-2/703, FD-20/EE-2/705, FD-20/EE-2/709, Szkoła Doktorska—Grant—Piotr Gałaszkiewicz).
This research was supported by project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic
of Kazakhstan (IRN) AP08855701 (2020–2022) “Development of Electron-Ions, thermo-mechanical
technologies and obtaining new composite materials with the study of their properties”.
In this paper, the frequency-temperature dependence of the conductivity and dielectric permittivity of nc-TixZr1−xC+α-Cy (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) nanocomposites produced by dual-source magnetron sputtering was determined. The films produced are biphasic layers with an excess of amorphous carbon relative to the stoichiometric composition of TixZr1−xC. The matrix was amorphous carbon, and the dispersed phase was carbide nanoparticles. AC measurements were performed in the frequency range of 50 Hz–5 MHz at temperatures from 20 K to 373 K. It was found that both conductivity and permittivity relationships are determined by three tunneling mechanisms, differing in relaxation times. The maxima in the low- and high-frequency regions decrease with increasing temperature. The maximum in the mid-frequency region increases with increasing temperature. The low-frequency maximum is due to electron tunneling between the carbon films on the surface of the carbide nanoshells. The mid-frequency maximum is due to electron transitions between the nano size grains. The high-frequency maximum is associated with tunneling between the nano-grains and the carbon shells. It has been established that dipole relaxation occurs in the nanocomposites according to the Cole-Cole mechanism. The increase in static dielectric permittivity with increasing measurement temperature is indicative of a step polarisation mechanism. In the frequency region above 1 MHz, anomalous dispersion—an increase in permittivity with increasing frequency—was observed for all nanocomposite contents.
