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This research was funded by the Lublin University of Technology, Poland under research grant no. FD-20/IM-5/053. We are grateful to the Polish Bearing Factory (PBF) at Krasnik, Poland for the possibility
of conducting the experimental part of the research.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of recurrence method for detecting defects in
angular contact ball bearings. For this purpose, a defect-free bearing was tested and recurrence reference
values were determined. Next, defects of different sizes were introduced into each component of the bearing:
the outer ring, the inner ring, and the ball. Finally, recurrence quantifications were calculated for the bearings
with defects and compared with their reference values. Obtained results demonstrated that the recurrence
approach was extremely promising and could detect defects in a very short time series (0.04s). Moreover, it
was shown that among the different recurrence indicators, closely related to defect formation, determinism
and laminarity were the most promising ones for detecting defects in all bearing components.
