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The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of using the tractor hitch weight in
traction mode by reducing the uneven distribution of vertical reactions between the wheels. This
work is grounded on a methodology that involves summarizing and analyzing established scientific
findings related to the theory of tractors operating in traction mode. The analytical method and
comparative analysis were employed to establish a scientific problem, define research objectives, and
achieve the goal. The key principles of probability theory were applied in developing the empirical
models of the tractor. The main provisions of the methodology for evaluating the traction properties
of the tractor with the instability of the coupling weight were formulated. The method of evaluating
the vertical reactions on the wheels of the tractor is substantiated, which is based on the measurement
of the vertical reaction on one of the four wheels. It was proven that tractors with a center of mass
offset to the front or rear axles have the greatest probability of equal distribution of vertical reactions
between the wheels of one axle, and tractors with a center of mass in the middle between the axles
have the lowest probability. It is theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed that when
the tractor performs plowing work with uneven distribution of loads on the sides, its operation with
maximum traction efficiency is ensured by blocking the front and rear axle drivers.
