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Success can be interpreted and assessed in various ways. This article proposes evaluating university success through performance and efficiency indicators, inspired by the Positioning School of Strategy and New Public Management. This approach faces challenges, such as limited economic data for Polish public universities. The article aimed to identify factors and success levels for public universities in the higher education sector. The research question, “What are the measures and levels of success of public universities?”, was divided into three specific inquiries: key success factors, performance and efficiency indicators, and success levels for selected Polish public universities.
The study involved analysing international and Polish university rankings, interviewing 53 public
university experts in Poland, and examining efficiency indicators for 10 selected public universities.
Critical success factors (research excellence, education excellence, international cooperation) and
critical performance indicators were identified. Efficiency indicators demonstrated the good financial
condition of selected institutions. Critical success factors and critical performance indicators were
defined, and performance and efficiency measures were used to assess the success of Polish public
higher education institutions. The authors acknowledge the need for parametric and non-parametric
methods to fully evaluate success. The proposed performance-oriented measurement tool can assist
public university leaders in making strategic decisions.
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