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This research was partially supported by DS3 of the Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
This paper was developed using equipment purchased within agreement No. POPW.01.03.00-06-
010/09-00 Operational Program Development of Eastern Poland 2007–2013, Priority Axis I, Modern
Economy, Operations 1.3, Innovations Promotion. The Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster
University, United Kingdom, is thanked for providing financial support to D.K.B. via an Engineering
and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Doctoral Training Programme.
Whey protein isolate (WPI) hydrogels are attractive biomaterials for application in bone
repair and regeneration. However, their main limitation is low mechanical strength. Therefore, to
improve these properties, the incorporation of ceramic phases into hydrogel matrices is currently
being performed. In this study, novel whey protein isolate/calcium silicate (WPI/CaSiO3) hydrogel
biomaterials were prepared with varying concentrations of a ceramic phase (CaSiO3). The aim of
this study was to investigate the effect of the introduction of CaSiO3 to a WPI hydrogel matrix on its
physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Our Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
results showed that CaSiO3 was successfully incorporated into the WPI hydrogel matrix to create
composite biomaterials. Swelling tests indicated that the addition of 5% (w/v) CaSiO3 caused greater
swelling compared to biomaterials without CaSiO3 and ultimate compressive strength and strain at
break. Cell culture experiments demonstrated that WPI hydrogel biomaterials enriched with CaSiO3
demonstrated superior cytocompatibility in vitro compared to the control hydrogel biomaterials
without CaSiO3. Thus, this study revealed that the addition of CaSiO3 to WPI-based hydrogel
biomaterials renders them more promising for bone tissue engineering applications.
