|
W teorii gier analizując różnego rodzaju konflikty zakłada się, że decyzje podejmuje
idealny gracz, tj. taki, który w pełni wykorzystuje dostępne mu informacje i działa w pełni
racjonalnie. Niestety, ludzie nie zawsze tak się zachowują. Bardzo często ich decyzje nie są
optymalne, dlatego bardzo trudnym jest zobrazowanie rzeczywistych zachowań ludzkich
zwłaszcza w sytuacjach dotyczących podziału dóbr w tym także pieniędzy. W pracy zostaną
rozważone dwa przypadki – pierwszy dotyczący podziału kosztów budowy prywatnej,
wspólnej drogi prowadzącej do trzech posesji, drugi dotyczący podziału zysków pomiędzy
właściciela firmy i jego pracowników. Do rozwiązania tych zagadnień zaproponowano
wykorzystanie wartości Shapleya, która pozwala określić, jak koszty budowy czy zyski
z działalności firmy podzielić pomiędzy uczestników wspólnego przedsięwzięcia w sposób
sprawiedliwy, uwzględniający odległość posesji od drogi głównej w przypadku pierwszym
oraz wielkość zatrudnienia w przypadku drugim. W niniejszej pracy chcielibyśmy przed-
stawić, zalecany przez teorię, sposób postępowania ludzi w analizowanych sytuacjach
strategicznych. Praca może mieć charakter aplikacyjny.
|
|
In game theory, when analysing various types of conflicts, it is assumed that decisions are made by an ideal player, i.e., the one who makes full use of the information
available to him or her and acts fully rationally. Unfortunately, people do not always
behave this way. Very often their decisions are not optimal, so it is very difficult to depict real human behaviour, especially in situations involving the distribution of goods,
including money. Two cases will be considered in the paper – the first concerning the
sharing of the costs of building a private shared road leading to three properties, the
second concerning the division of profits between a company owner and his employees. To address these issues, it was proposed to use the Shapley value, which allows to
determine how the construction costs or profits from the company’s operations should
be divided among the participants of the joint venture in a fair way, taking into account
the distance of the property from the main road in the former case and the number of
employees in the latter case. In this paper, we would like to present, as recommended
by the theory, the way people should behave in the analysed strategic situations and
compare it with the applicable norms. The paper may be of an applicational value.In game theory, when analysing various types of conflicts, it is assumed that decisions are made by an ideal player, i.e., the one who makes full use of the information
available to him or her and acts fully rationally. Unfortunately, people do not always
behave this way. Very often their decisions are not optimal, so it is very difficult to
depict real human behaviour, especially in situations involving the distribution of goods,
including money. Two cases will be considered in the paper – the first concerning the
sharing of the costs of building a private shared road leading to three properties, the
second concerning the division of profits between a company owner and his employ-
ees. To address these issues, it was proposed to use the Shapley value, which allows to
determine how the construction costs or profits from the company’s operations should
be divided among the participants of the joint venture in a fair way, taking into account
the distance of the property from the main road in the former case and the number of
employees in the latter case. In this paper, we would like to present, as recommended
by the theory, the way people should behave in the analysed strategic situations and
compare it with the applicable norms. The paper may be of an applicational value.
|
