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The research was financed in the framework of the project: Development of new rolling technologies for rail axle forgings, No. LIDER/9/0060/L-12/20/NCBR/2021. Total cost of the Project: 1 466 831.25 PLN. The project is financed by the National Centre for Research and Development under the 12th edition of the LIDER Programme.
The article presents and discusses the problem of determining and characterizing the cracking limits of cross-rolled specimens. The limit values were determined in accordance with the hybrid Pater criterion. For the study, the author’s test method was used, which allows the determination of the cracking moment, formed as a result of the Mannesmann effect during the compression of specimens in the channel. In order to determine the values needed to describe the cracking criterion, it was necessary to perform laboratory tests and numerical simulations of the process of compression in the channel of discs made of EA1T steel under hot forming conditions. Experimental tests were carried out for forming processes at 950 °C, 1050 °C and 1150 °C. The tested material had a disc shape with a diameter of 40 mm and a length of 20 mm, during the pressing process the diameter of the disc was reduced to a diameter of 38 mm. The increase in forming temperature caused a significant increase in the forming path until cracking occurred. Numerical tests were carried out in the finite element calculation environment Simufact.Forming 2021. The stress and strain distributions in the specimen axis were analysed during the tests, which were then used to calculate the hybrid cracking criterion limit according to Pater. After calculations according to the Pater criterion and after statistical analysis, the cracking criterion limits were obtained.
