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Laser cutting is very often the first operation in the manufacture of machine components. However, due to their poor quality, the surface and edges often require finishing. In this study, ball burnishing was used as a finishing method for machine elements. The study was conducted on samples of C45 unalloyed steel that were cut with a laser beam parallel (L-PA) and perpendicular (L-PE) to the rolling direction. The burnishing process was conducted using a mechanical pressure tool with a ball diameter of dN = 8 mm. The variable parameters were the burnishing force F = 300 ÷ 930 N and the burnishing feed f = 0.05 ÷ 0.40 mm/rev. After ball burnishing the surface roughness in the entrance and the exit zone of the laser beam was reduced by 18% to 56% compared its value after laser cutting. For the samples cut perpendicular to the rolling direction, these changes were greater. However, after ball burnishing, the values of the Ra and Rt parameters for the L-PE samples were still higher than those of the L-PA samples. The use of ball burnishing led to an increase in the surface microhardness from 3% to 24%. The most favorable properties of the surface layer were obtained after burnishing conducted with f = 0.05 ÷ 0.17 mm/rev and F = 720 N. The study demonstrated that the direction of laser cutting in relation to the direction of rolling affected on the condition of the surface layer.
