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The construction industry is among the largest energy-consumer and waste-generating sectors, and it needs sustainable methods and materials to decrease its carbon footprint. One possible solution is to use secondary raw materials and crops as a basis for thermal insulation materials or passive buffers of moisture. This article presents the results of testing raw hemp and flax shives obtained from Polish crops for use in the construction industry. There are only a few works devoted to the parameters of the raw material itself, and no comparative studies are available on the shives themselves. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to compare the properties of shives obtained from these two fibrous plants, to understand their usability and possibilities. Our research focuses on measuring pore size distribution, hygroscopic sorption moisture, capillary rise, and contact angle. It was shown that both types of shives are characterized by similar porosity and hygroscopic sorption characteristics, but different pore size distribution and ability to absorb water through capillary action. Microbiological tests showed variations in the presence of fungi on the shives surfaces. The article also presents an example of the use of the tested materials as an internal wall covering and compares it to gypsum plaster.
