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Every year, millions of individuals worldwide suffer from joint and bone conditions necessitating or-
thopedic surgery. Poly methyl-methacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cements, extensively used due to
their biocompatibility and bonding capabilities, are primarily employed for fixing orthopedic implants.
However, their mechanical properties can result in implant loosening, particularly in the aggressive
environment of the human body. To enhance PMMA’s mechanical strength, various additives have
been explored. Our study investigates the impact of adding different grain size ceramic components to
PMMA: tricalcium phosphate alpha and beta (TCP /), as well as hydroxyapatite (HA). Compressive
loading tests, simulating post-prosthesis implantation conditions, were conducted on samples contain-
ing different concentrations of TCP and HA. Results reveal that TCP maintains PMMA’s mechanical
properties, whereas TCP leads to a slight decrease in compressive strength beyond a 3% concentration.
Similarly, HA exhibits significant effects only at a 2% concentration. These findings provide valuable
insights into optimizing PMMA-based bone cements as polymer-ceramic composites for enhanced me-
chanical performance in orthopedic applications.
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