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Ba0.75Ca0.25TiO3 ceramics were successfully synthesized by a simple solid-state reaction
method. This study examined the influence of sintering temperature on the structure, microstruc-
ture, dielectric properties and electrical behavior of the material. The XRD analysis reveals that
the tetragonal phase (P4mm) is dominant in all the synthesized materials, with those sintered at
T = 1400 ◦C and T = 1450 ◦C being single-phase, while others exhibit a minor orthorhombic phase
(Pbnm). Higher sintering temperatures promoted better grain boundary formation and larger grain
sizes. The electric permittivity increased with temperature up to T = 1400 ◦C, followed by a sharp
decline at T = 1450 ◦C. Additionally, the Curie temperature decreased with increasing sintering
temperature, indicating changes in phase transition characteristics. Thermal analysis showed that
higher sintering temperatures led to sharper heat capacity peaks, while pyroelectric and thermally
stimulated depolarization currents were maximized at T = 1400 ◦C due to oxygen vacancies. These
findings highlight the significant impact of sintering temperature on the material’s structural and
functional properties.
