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The purpose of the study is to reveal the build technologies, techniques of stone processing and carving of architectural details used in the construction of the castle of the 13th century in Kholm. Today castle is a form of archeological ruins. The research methodology is based on a detailed analysis of the remains of buildings and individual construction and architectural details, which were uncovered as a result of more than 10 archaeological studies. The characteristics of natural stones, masonry technologies, techniques of stamping, processing, and cutting of stone blocks and details have been analyzed. Preserved remnants of defensive walls, towers, foundations, and remnants of walls of several buildings present objects created by the group of builders. The excavations revealed a large number of ordinary rectangular blocks and carved decorative details from glauconite stone and limestone, which were used to enrich the architecture and present specific architectural forms of the Romanesque style. The castle was initially built only from glauconite stone. In addition to this local green stone, sandstone, limestone, and fossilized chalk were also used. The research results indicate that a highly skilled stonemasonry brigade worked here, using a standard set of manual tools for that time. Archaeological remains of hewn and carved stone details show a rich plastic arrangement of castle facades and interiors. Similar products and technologies are not found in other contemporary castles in Rus`-Ukraine. The results have allowed to present a detailed characterization of the stonemasonry workshop “Master Avdiy”, a character from the chronicle lines, the author of the castle construction in Kholm for the first time.
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