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One of the assumptions of sustainable development in construction is
the use of low-processed materials. A material with a low level of embodied energy
is clay. It is mainly used in fired form as building ceramics, but alternatively it can
be used in raw form, e.g. in the form of plasters or unfired bricks. Clay can be
modified with ingredients of plant origin, e.g. hemp shives. Porous plant fillers are
used, among others, to improve the thermal insulation parameters of clay-based
wall materials. The disadvantage of raw clay-based materials is their lack of water
resistance. This parameter can be improved by using admixtures/ additives with
hydraulic, hydrophobic properties or those ensuring chemical bonding of clay. In
this work, a composite based on clay and hemp shives with a fine fraction was
developed for use in walls, e.g. in the form of blocks and a rammed monolith. The
density, thermal conductivity, water resistance and capillary rise of three mixtures
were examined. A polysaccharide-based polymers (xanthan gum and guar gum)
were used as an admixture to improve water resistance. The addition of xanthan
gum in the amount of 1% reduced the composite's ability to capillary water uptake
by 46% compared to the unmodified composite. Guar gum turned out to be an
ineffective admixture as it deteriorated the properties of the clay composite. In the
case of this admixture, in further studies, increasing the water content should be
considered to improve the viscosity of the mixture, because it was noticeably too
dry
