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The research leading to these results has received funding from the commissioned task entitled “VIA CARPATIA Universities of Technology Network named after the President of the Republic of Poland Lech Kaczynski”, under the special purpose grant from the Minister of Science, contract no. MEiN/2022/DPI/2575, MEiN/2022/DPI/2577, MEiN/2022/DPI/2578, action entitled “ISKRA—building interuniversity research team.
In recent years, a number of retrofittings have been carried out in terms of insulation and technical equipment of
buildings. However, due to the introduction of the zero-emission obligation for buildings, it is necessary to search
for new modernization opportunities that will reduce the use of non-renewable primary energy and increase
energy self-sufficiency. This paper assesses the existing condition of two typical kindergartens located in northeastern
Poland, Bialystok. The thermal properties of buildings and heating systems and domestic hot water
preparation were assessed through ex-post audits and in-situ measurements: U-value, indoor air quality (IAQ)
and thermal imaging inspection. A novel method was developed for simplifying the estimation of the effect of
renewable energy sources (RES) integration, based on actual building climatic and utility data. The method was
used to analyze three variants of retrofitting of the heat and electricity sources taking into account air-to-water
heat pump, photovoltaic installation and an electrical energy storage. The energy self-sufficiency of kindergartens
with the thermal quality of the envelope meeting the requirements of the nearly zero-energy building (nZEB)
in Poland may amount to 45% when use air heat pump cooperating with a PV system, an electricity storage and
heat substation as the peak heat source. The proposed retrofitting of heat and electricity sources resulted in a
reduction in the demand for non-renewable primary energy by 14% in kindergarten B and by 18% in kindergarten
A compared to the pre-modernisation state.
In recent years, a number of retrofittings have been carried out in terms of insulation and technical equipment of buildings. However, due to the introduction of the zero-emission obligation for buildings, it is necessary to search for new modernization opportunities that will reduce the use of non-renewable primary energy and increase energy self-sufficiency. This paper assesses the existing condition of two typical kindergartens located in northeastern Poland, Bialystok. The thermal properties of buildings and heating systems and domestic hot water preparation were assessed through ex-post audits and in-situ measurements: U-value, indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal imaging inspection. A novel method was developed for simplifying the estimation of the effect of
renewable energy sources (RES) integration, based on actual building climatic and utility data. The method was used to analyze three variants of retrofitting of the heat and electricity sources taking into account air-to-water heat pump, photovoltaic installation and an electrical energy storage. The energy self-sufficiency of kindergartens
with the thermal quality of the envelope meeting the requirements of the nearly zero-energy building (nZEB) in Poland may amount to 45% when use air heat pump cooperating with a PV system, an electricity storage and heat substation as the peak heat source. The proposed retrofitting of heat and electricity sources resulted in a reduction in the demand for non-renewable primary energy by 14% in kindergarten B and by 18% in kindergarten A compared to the pre-modernisation state.
