Fortification of the Complex of the Ancient Monastery of the Carmelites (Shoed) in the City of Lviv
Artykuł w czasopiśmie
MNiSW
5
spoza listy
| Status: | |
| Autorzy: | Bevz Mykola |
| Dyscypliny: | |
| Aby zobaczyć szczegóły należy się zalogować. | |
| Rok wydania: | 2025 |
| Wersja dokumentu: | Drukowana | Elektroniczna |
| Język: | angielski | ukraiński |
| Numer czasopisma: | 22 |
| Strony: | 7 - 23 |
| Efekt badań statutowych | NIE |
| Materiał konferencyjny: | NIE |
| Publikacja OA: | NIE |
| Abstrakty: | angielski |
| The object of study is the complex of the Carmelite monastery with the Church of St. Leonard in Lviv. Construction of the complex began in the first half of the 17th century (from 1624) according to the design of Italian architect Ambrose Prikhilny. From the very beginning, the monastery was surrounded by fortifications. The complex was located in the Galician suburbs and was supposed to be a key element of the city's defense system on the southern side. The aim of the study is to analyze the history of the architectural development of the monastery and reconstruct the nature of its defensive elements. As a result of the study, two main stages of construction of defensive structures were identified. In the first stage, in the 1620s and 1630s, the defensive walls of the Lviv Carmelite monastery probably had an architectural design similar to the defensive walls of the center of Zhovkva and the castle in Stare Selo, which were also designed by architect Prykhylny. This could have been a two- or three-tiered wall with wooden battle galleries. During the second stage in the 1670s, there was a radical change in the nature of the fortifications. In the southern and partly eastern parts of the monastery grounds, a large rampart with casemates was built. It was the part of a new bastion line of fortifications designed by Danish architect Jan Berens. The new Galician gate was erected in the body of the rampart next to the monastery. It was designed by Berens in a very specific way. The gate was not built perpendicular to the line of the rampart (as is traditionally seen in the ramparts of Palma Nova or Zamość), but entered the rampart at an angle. The approaches to the gate were additionally protected by a ravelin. Apparently, the slanted geometry of the gate, bridge, and entrance road was deliberately designed to effectively defeat attackers with flanking fire from the monastery ramparts. The work presents a hypothetical reconstruction of the planning structure of the monastery's fortifications for the first and second periods. Unfortunately, the monastery buildings were demolished at the end of the 19th century, with the exception of one cell block. In the past, it was the largest and best-fortified monastery in Lviv, so information about its defense system is important for studying the history of the city's architecture. |
