Fracture toughness and fracture energy of polymeric concrete with variable mixtures designed by the L32 Taguchi method and statistical analysis of pore sizes in the fracture surface
Artykuł w czasopiśmie
MNiSW
140
Lista 2024
| Status: | |
| Autorzy: | Aliha Mohammad Reza, Pietras Daniel, Rajabi-Kafshgar Atefeh, Sadowski Tomasz |
| Dyscypliny: | |
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| Rok wydania: | 2026 |
| Wersja dokumentu: | Elektroniczna |
| Język: | angielski |
| Wolumen/Tom: | 515 |
| Numer artykułu: | 145603 |
| Strony: | 1 - 29 |
| Impact Factor: | 8,0 |
| Web of Science® Times Cited: | 0 |
| Scopus® Cytowania: | 0 |
| Bazy: | Web of Science | Scopus |
| Efekt badań statutowych | NIE |
| Finansowanie: | This work was supported and funded under the grant “Subvention for Science” by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland - Project no. FD-20/IL-4/046 (T. Sadowski) and Project no. FD-20/IL-4/040 (D. Pietras). Also, M.R. M. Aliha acknowledges the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (Grant no. ULAM NAWA BNI/ULM/2024/1/00180/UO/00001) for visiting scientists on sabbatical leave to visit Lublin University of Technology, Poland. |
| Materiał konferencyjny: | NIE |
| Publikacja OA: | NIE |
| Abstrakty: | angielski |
| Polymer Concrete (PC) is a multi-ingredient composite that can be manufactured with various ingredients and contents, including a polymeric resin, fine and coarse aggregates, and other additives or reinforcement parts, such as short fibers. As a quasi-brittle material, sudden fracture is one of the major failure modes. As it is obvious, the mix design can affect the structural integrity and resistance of PC materials against cracking. In this research, the Taguchi method was employed to find the optimum percentages of a PC mixture made of (silicious foundry sand aggregate + filler + epoxy resin + chopped E-glass fiber) to study the mix-design effects on tensile mode fracture toughness (KIc) and work of fracture (Wf) or fracture energy values. The initial window of input variables was considered as: [0–1.5 % glass fiber], [39–55 % coarse aggregate], [20–37 % filler or fine aggregate] and [11–30 % epoxy resin]. To investigate the influence of mixture composition on the fracture response of the PC mixtures, a L32 Taguchi design of experiment (DoE) method was utilized to reduce the number of tests among the whole feasible PC mixtures matched with the aforementioned ranges of ingredients. The mode I fracture tests were done using a novel sub-sized small bend beam (SBB) sample to reduce the raw materials required for manufacturing the PC mixtures. From the experiments, it was found that there is a dominantly linear relationship between KIc and Wf for the tested PC mixtures. Depending on the mixture type, the KIc and Wf indexes were varied from 1.5 to 3.75 MPa · m0.5 and 0.5 to 1.8 J, respectively. Some prediction equations were extracted to estimate the corresponding values of fracture indexes in terms of different input variables such as (fiber content, resin content, coarse aggregate to filler ratio and resin to total aggregate ratio). The importance and ranks of ingredients on KIc and Wf values were investigated using main effect and ANOVA analyses. For achieving the best resistance against cracking, the following composition: (Fiber = 0.5 %, Resin = 29 %, Aggregate = 43 % and Filler = 28.5 %) was suggested from the outputs of optimization analyses. In addition, the response surface method (RSM) was utilized to investigate the trends of KIc and Wf variations in terms of resin and aggregate percentages for different groups of fiber contents (i.e., 0 %, 1 % and 1.5 % fiber). Furthermore, the morphology of fracture surfaces of the tested PC mixtures was surveyed using the optical microscopy (OM) method, demonstrating the uniform distribution of ingredients in the fabricated mixtures. The air void content at the fractured surface of the SBB sample was determined using the OM analyses, varying in the range of 6.8–9.4 % for different PC mixtures. Using statistical analyses, it was found that the size or area of distributed air voids and pores inside the PC fracture surface, which typically varied from 0.04 to 4.5 mm2, follows a log-normal distribution. The corresponding log-normal distribution curves and their fitting parameters were also obtained for the pore sizes of the investigated PC mixture |
