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This paper presents a combined numerical and experimental investigation of a levitation-
based vibration energy harvester, focusing on various configurations of an oscillating lev-
itating magnet. Both attraction- and repulsion-based designs, with and without spacers,
are analyzed and compared. The electromechanical coupling is evaluated using COMSOL
Multiphysics and validated through experimental measurements. Subsequently, a math-
ematical model describing the electromechanical coupling is proposed. Finally, frequency
response curves are derived to assess system performance. The results demonstrate that
repulsion-based magnet configurations offer significant advantages for energy harvesting
applications, including the emergence of additional resonances. Moreover, the incorpo-
ration of a spacer enhances energy harvesting efficiency in attraction-based levitating
magnet designs. The proposed approach exhibits strong potential to advance energy
recovery and offers an effective means of enhancing energy harvesting performance.
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