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This paper presents the results of studies on the Uzh River
(Ukraine, Zakarpattia Oblast) near the effluent point of a sewage treatment
plant in Uzhgorod. The samples were taken at various sites of the treatment
plant along the stages of purification process, as well as in the river, at a
number of different points above and below the wastewater discharge. At
each of these objects, the temperature and O2 were measured. The structure
of ciliate assemblage was analyzed along the stages of the treatment
process in the WWTP and in the river before and after the sewage
discharge. A total of 26 ciliate taxa were observed and included in the
analysis. All the studied stations were considered as a continuum in which
populations of protozoa spread freely according to their ecological
preferences. The majority of ciliate species were encountered in each of the
examined stations, but their quantitative development differed
significantly, reflecting their response to the environmental conditions at
the stations. The analysis of the qualitative and quantitative distribution of
ciliate populations by the stations enabled to group them in respect to the
peculiarities of the local conditions. The study showed that the majority of
the ciliate species, typical of bioreactors, are equally common at the
stations of the Uzh River below wastewater discharges. The ciliate
assemblage in the oxygen gradient demonstrated a wide spectrum of
ecological tolerance at the species level. These findings confirm that ciliates are very good indicators of the environmental quality, provided that
detailed information about their environmental priorities is available.
