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High energy consumption, carbon dioxide emission, air pollution and slow depletion of conventional fuels contribute to the production of various building materials. The idea of sustainable development in the construction industry is to reduce these effects to a minimum by seeking alternatives such as ecological and energy efÞ cient building materials and technologies of their production. More importantly, the economic dimension expressed by lower operating costs of energy
efÞ cient buildings is a relevant issue. The purpose of this paper is to present the possibility of using natural resources in the production of building materials. The article describes the characteristics of lightweight composites composed of natural Þ bers and straw from ß ax and hemp, on the lime binder modiÞ ed with different additives and admixtures. The pilot study, executed in several European countries including our own, was described on the basis of world literature which focuses on
mechanical and thermal properties of these materials [1,5]. In addition, other uses of ß ax and hemp, known in the construction industry for a long time, were presented. As far as conclusion is concerned, the current progress in the study of these materials was evaluated. The obtained results indicated the direction for further development of research and allowed to assess the potential for wider application in construction industry.
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