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This research was funded by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, grant number
POIR.04.01.01-00-0038/17, financially supported by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development and the National Fund within Regional Operational Programme of the Lubelskie Voivodeship 2014–2020. Realization period from 1 October 2018 to 30 September 2020.
This article presents the effect of fiber Bragg gratings side lobes on interrogation systems
consisting of sensor and matched filters. The conducted research shows that high-value side lobe
structures applied as sensors and/or filters are characterized by some interesting properties. The paper
presents both numerical analysis and experimental verification of the fiber Bragg gratings (FBG)
interrogation systems with matched filters for gratings containing high side lobes. Numerical
modeling of Bragg structures was performed for two different cases: uniform and inverse apodization.
Modification of apodization can change the side lobe reflectance level even above levels found in
uniform structures. This is a case not described in the literature, especially in terms of possible
applications. Transfer characteristics, i.e., the relationship between power intensity as a function
of wavelength shift, were determined. A collection of gratings with spectra corresponding to
those analyzed in numerical experiments were fabricated. Next, the transfer characteristics of the
interrogation systems containing real FBG were determined. The properties of the proposed systems
are described. It has been shown that a significant level of sidebands, which is often the subject
of many drawbacks in filtering or telecommunications systems, can be an advantage. It has been
demonstrated that a high level of side lobes can be used to increase the measurement range of the
FBG sensor interrogation systems. It has been determined numerically and confirmed experimentally
that from the point of view of the design of sensor interrogation systems, it is beneficial to combine
specific pairs of gratings: one with a spectrum characterized by a low side lobe level and a second
one in which the spectrum has very high side lobes.
