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This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland under the project DIALOG 0019/DLG/2019/10 during the years 2019–2021.
The piezoelectric energy-harvesting system with double-well characteristics and hysteresis
in the restoring force is studied. The proposed system consists of a bistable oscillator based on a
cantilever beam structure. The elastic force potential is modified by magnets. The hysteresis is an
additional effect of the composite beam considered in this system, and it effects the modal solution
with specific mass distribution. Consequently, the modal response is a compromise between two
overlapping, competing shapes. The simulation results show evolution in the single potential
well solution, and bifurcations into double-well solutions with the hysteretic effect. The maximal
Lyapunov exponent indicated the appearance of chaotic solutions. Inclusion of the shape branch
overlap parameter reduces the distance between the external potential barriers and leads to a large-
amplitude solution and simultaneously higher voltage output with smaller excitation force. The
overlap parameter works in the other direction: the larger the overlap value, the smaller the voltage
output. Presumably, the successful jump though the potential barrier is accompanied by an additional
switch between the corresponding shapes.