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Droplet microfluidics is a rapidly evolving area of research with significant implications in bioengineering, drug delivery,
chemical synthesis, environmental monitoring, and micro-scale electronics manufacturing. Recent advancements in drop-
let generation methods, including the use of electric fields and acoustic waves, have been driven by related technological
developments. These innovations have enabled the creation of droplets with a wide range of sizes, shapes, and composi-
tions, opening new frontiers for droplet microfluidic applications. This study reviews recent advances in droplet formation
within microfluidic channels, beginning with an overview of droplet microfluidics and followed by an analysis of the various
techniques used for droplet formation. The paper examines the impact of channel geometry, fluid flow rates, and channel
wall surface properties on droplet formation. Additionally, it discusses the control of microfluidic droplets and the diverse
applications of droplet microfluidics. The study also analyzes the morphological changes of droplets in response to variations
in different controlling factors and presents an overview of compound droplet microfluidics, highlighting its technological
aspects and significance across various applications. The influential factors governing the dynamics of compound droplets
and their respective effects are briefly reviewed throughout the study. In conclusion, the paper identifies the major challenges
and opportunities associated with microfluidic droplet dynamics and outlines emerging areas based on this technology.
Overall, it provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in droplet formation within microfluidic channels.
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